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This is a list of countries by external debt: it is the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods or services, where the public debt is the money or credit owed by any level of government, from central to local, and the private debt the money or credit owed by private households or private corporations based on the country under ...
This is a list of countries by government debt. Gross government debt is government financial liabilities that are debt instruments. [ 1 ] : 81 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future.
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low-and middle-income countries for the purposes of economic development. [6]
The IMF and World Bank (two Bretton Woods institutions) require borrowing countries to implement certain policies in order to obtain new loans (or to lower interest rates on existing ones). These policies are typically centered around increased privatization , liberalizing trade and foreign investment, and balancing government deficit. [ 2 ]
Banga said the World Bank was also pushing to replenish the lender's fund for the world's poorest countries, the International Development Association (IDA), by more than $100 billion, adding that ...
[10] [20] A World Bank Group report that analyzed debt levels of 100 developed and developing countries from 1980 to 2008 found that debt-to-GDP ratios above 77% for developed countries (64% for developing countries) reduced future annual economic growth by 0.017 (0.02 for developing countries) percentage points for each percentage point of ...
According to the International Monetary Fund's External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users, "Gross external debt, at any given time, is the outstanding amount of those actual current, and not contingent, liabilities that require payment(s) of principal and/or interest by the debtor at some point(s) in the future and that are owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy."
The World Bank has regularly failed to live up to its own policies for protecting people harmed by projects it finances. The World Bank and its private-sector lending arm, the International Finance Corp., have financed governments and companies accused of human rights violations such as rape, murder and torture.