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  2. Transcription (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(biology)

    Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA for the purpose of gene expression.Some segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins, called messenger RNA (mRNA).

  3. Central dogma of molecular biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_dogma_of_molecular...

    Transcription is the process by which the information contained in a section of DNA is replicated in the form of a newly assembled piece of messenger RNA (mRNA). Enzymes facilitating the process include RNA polymerase and transcription factors. In eukaryotic cells the primary transcript is pre-mRNA. Pre-mRNA must be processed for translation to ...

  4. Bacterial transcription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_transcription

    Bacterial transcription is the process in which a segment of bacterial DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) with use of the enzyme RNA polymerase. The process occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination; and the result is a strand of mRNA that is complementary to a single strand of DNA.

  5. Protein biosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis

    Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases: transcription and translation. During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). This conversion is carried out by enzymes, known as RNA polymerases, in the nucleus of the cell. [2]

  6. Attenuator (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuator_(genetics)

    The 3–4 structure is a transcription termination sequence, once it forms RNA polymerase will disassociate from the DNA and transcription of the structural genes of the operon will not occur. Part of the leader transcript codes for a short polypeptide of 14 amino acids, termed the leader peptide.

  7. Gene expression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_expression

    Regulation of transcription can be broken down into three main routes of influence; genetic (direct interaction of a control factor with the gene), modulation interaction of a control factor with the transcription machinery and epigenetic (non-sequence changes in DNA structure that influence transcription).

  8. Translation (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)

    Overview of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) translation Translation of mRNA and ribosomal protein synthesis Initiation and elongation stages of translation involving RNA nucleobases, the ribosome, transfer RNA, and amino acids The three phases of translation: (1) in initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the RNA strand and the initiator tRNA–amino acid complex binds to the start ...

  9. DNA and RNA codon tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_and_RNA_codon_tables

    [2] [3] The mRNA sequence is determined by the sequence of genomic DNA. [4] In this context, the standard genetic code is referred to as translation table 1. [3] It can also be represented in a DNA codon table. The DNA codons in such tables occur on the sense DNA strand and are arranged in a 5 ′-to-3 ′ direction.