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  2. Probability density function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_density_function

    In probability theory, a probability density function (PDF), density function, or density of an absolutely continuous random variable, is a function whose value at any given sample (or point) in the sample space (the set of possible values taken by the random variable) can be interpreted as providing a relative likelihood that the value of the ...

  3. Buffon's needle problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffon's_needle_problem

    Suppose l > t.In this case, integrating the joint probability density function, we obtain: = = (), where m(θ) is the minimum between ⁠ l / 2 ⁠ sinθ and ⁠ t / 2 ⁠.. Thus, performing the above integration, we see that, when l > t, the probability that the needle will cross at least one line is

  4. Beta distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_distribution

    In probability theory and statistics, the beta distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions defined on the interval [0, 1] or (0, 1) in terms of two positive parameters, denoted by alpha (α) and beta (β), that appear as exponents of the variable and its complement to 1, respectively, and control the shape of the distribution.

  5. Probability distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_distribution

    Probability density function (pdf) or probability density: function whose value at any given sample (or point) in the sample space (the set of possible values taken by the random variable) can be interpreted as providing a relative likelihood that the value of the random variable would equal that sample.

  6. Landau distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau_distribution

    The probability density function, as written originally by Landau, is defined by the complex integral: = + ⁡ +,where a is an arbitrary positive real number, meaning that the integration path can be any parallel to the imaginary axis, intersecting the real positive semi-axis, and refers to the natural logarithm.

  7. Weibull distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weibull_distribution

    For k > 1, the density function tends to zero as x approaches zero from above, increases until its mode and decreases after it. The density function has infinite negative slope at x = 0 if 0 < k < 1, infinite positive slope at x = 0 if 1 < k < 2 and null slope at x = 0 if k > 2. For k = 1 the density has a finite negative slope at x = 0.

  8. Reciprocal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_distribution

    It is characterised by its probability density function, within the support of the distribution, being proportional to the reciprocal of the variable. The reciprocal distribution is an example of an inverse distribution, and the reciprocal (inverse) of a random variable with a reciprocal distribution itself has a reciprocal distribution.

  9. Law of the unconscious statistician - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_unconscious...

    In probability theory and statistics, the law of the unconscious statistician, or LOTUS, is a theorem which expresses the expected value of a function g(X) of a random variable X in terms of g and the probability distribution of X. The form of the law depends on the type of random variable X in question.