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The diseases are caused by specific types of bacterial infection. [1] Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii spread by body lice, scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi spread by chiggers, and murine typhus is caused by Rickettsia typhi spread by fleas. [1] Vaccines have been developed, but none are commercially available.
Murine typhus, also known as endemic typhus or flea-borne typhus, is a form of typhus transmitted by fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), usually on rats, in contrast to epidemic typhus which is usually transmitted by lice. [1] [2] [3] Murine typhus is an under-recognized entity, as it is often confused with viral illnesses. Most people who are infected ...
The diagnosis of a flea-transmitted bacterial infection may be suspected based on specific symptoms and a history of exposure to fleas. For some cases, specialized cultures, polymerase chain ...
A flea's mouth has two functions: one for squirting saliva or partly digested blood into the bite, and one for sucking up blood from the host. This process mechanically transmits pathogens that may cause diseases it might carry. Fleas smell exhaled carbon dioxide from humans and animals and jump rapidly to the source to feed on the newly found ...
Rodents, rabbits, and hares often serve as reservoir hosts, [19] but waterborne infection accounts for 5–10% of all tularemia in the United States, [20] including from aquatic animals such as seals. [21] Tularemia can also be transmitted by biting flies, particularly the deer fly Chrysops discalis. Individual flies can remain infectious for ...
There were more than 640,000 cases of these diseases reported during the 13 years analyzed by the CDC. CDC: US Illnesses from mosquitoes, ticks, fleas tripled in the last 13 years as temperatures rise
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
Epidemic typhus, also known as louse-borne typhus, is a form of typhus so named because the disease often causes epidemics following wars and natural disasters where civil life is disrupted. [4] [5] Epidemic typhus is spread to people through contact with infected body lice, in contrast to endemic typhus which is usually transmitted by fleas ...