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Murine typhus, also known as endemic typhus or flea-borne typhus, is a form of typhus transmitted by fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), usually on rats, in contrast to epidemic typhus which is usually transmitted by lice. [1] [2] [3] Murine typhus is an under-recognized entity, as it is often confused with viral illnesses. Most people who are infected ...
The diseases are caused by specific types of bacterial infection. [1] Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii spread by body lice, scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi spread by chiggers, and murine typhus is caused by Rickettsia typhi spread by fleas. [1] Vaccines have been developed, but none are commercially available.
The most common way the disease is spread is via arthropod vectors. Ticks involved include Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, and Ixodes. [18] Rodents, rabbits, and hares often serve as reservoir hosts, [19] but waterborne infection accounts for 5–10% of all tularemia in the United States, [20] including from aquatic animals such as seals ...
The diagnosis of a flea-transmitted bacterial infection may be suspected based on specific symptoms and a history of exposure to fleas. For some cases, specialized cultures, polymerase chain ...
[8] [9] [10] The microorganism is concentrated in warmer climate and coastal ports where there is an abundance of rats and their fleas, which are the preferred hosts for the pathogen. [8] [9] R. typhi is transmitted between competent flea and mammalian hosts through flea bites and contact with infected feces and tissues. [8] [11]
There were more than 640,000 cases of these diseases reported during the 13 years analyzed by the CDC. CDC: US Illnesses from mosquitoes, ticks, fleas tripled in the last 13 years as temperatures rise
A flea's mouth has two functions: one for squirting saliva or partly digested blood into the bite, and one for sucking up blood from the host. This process mechanically transmits pathogens that may cause diseases it might carry. Fleas smell exhaled carbon dioxide from humans and animals and jump rapidly to the source to feed on the newly found ...
Diseases that can be spread through fleas include the plague and typhus. [1] The rat flea is widespread due to their relationship to rodents and other vertebrates. [2] They can be found co-infecting their host with other parasites. [3] It is the most widely spread of its genus, having originated in Europe, but has been transported to temperate ...