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Arthrodesis, also known as artificial ankylosis or syndesis, is the artificial induction of joint ossification between two bones by surgery. This is done to relieve intractable pain in a joint which cannot be managed by pain medication , splints , or other normally indicated treatments.
Arthrodesis is the intentional creation of ankylosis in a joint. Noma —a gangrenous disease still widespread among malnourished children living on the borders of the Sahara desert —can cause ankylosis of the maxilla and mandible , impairing the ability to speak and eat.
Fibrous ankylosis's prognosis differs depending on the joint affected. Tempormandiubular joint ankylosis (TMJ ankylosis) is a rare condition affects the jawbone causing reduced movement in that area. Children around the age demographics of 4 -14 years of age catch this condition. [12] However, it has a high mortality rate of 90% among children.
[4] [5] Arthrofibrosis can follow knee injury and knee surgeries like arthroscopic knee surgery or knee replacement. Scar tissue can cause structures of the knee to become contracted, restricting normal motion. Depending on the site of scarring, knee cap mobility and/or joint range of motion (i.e. flexion, extension, or both) may be affected. [6]
Osseointegration is also defined as: "the formation of a direct interface between an implant and bone, without intervening soft tissue". [1]An osseointegrated implant is a type of implant defined as "an endosteal implant containing pores into which osteoblasts and supporting connective tissue can migrate". [2]
Knee pain relief of 50% or more following genicular RFA may last from several months to two years, [129] [132] and can be repeated by the same outpatient procedure when pain recurs. [129] Injection of phenol may be used as a neurolytic treatment of sensory knee nerves to relieve chronic pain from knee osteoarthritis. [134] [135]
An accumulation of fluid results and the joints swell, slowly decreasing the space that keeps the bones from touching. If this condition is not treated, the joint space will completely narrow, causing ankylosis. At the advanced stage of ankylosis, joint mobility is completely occluded.
Surgical arthrodesis may be produced by internal fixation, intra-articular drilling, intra-articular laser treatment (which damages chondrocytes), or surgical removal of joint cartilage to produce ankylosis. [121] Surgical arthrodesis is used as a technique for treating pain in low-motion joints, such as the lower hock joints.