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As defined, acute inflammation is an immunovascular response to inflammatory stimuli, which can include infection or trauma. [24] [25] This means acute inflammation can be broadly divided into a vascular phase that occurs first, followed by a cellular phase involving immune cells (more specifically myeloid granulocytes in the acute setting). [24]
An immune response is a physiological reaction which occurs within an organism in the context of inflammation for the purpose of defending against exogenous factors. These include a wide variety of different toxins, viruses, intra- and extracellular bacteria, protozoa, helminths, and fungi which could cause serious problems to the health of the host organism if not cleared from the body.
Neutrophils extravasate from blood vessels to the site of tissue injury or infection during the innate immune response.. In immunology, leukocyte extravasation (also commonly known as leukocyte adhesion cascade or diapedesis – the passage of cells through the intact vessel wall) is the movement of leukocytes (white blood cells) out of the circulatory system (extravasation) and towards the ...
Pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory form of lytic programmed cell death that occurs most frequently upon infection with intracellular pathogens and is likely to form part of the antimicrobial response. This process promotes the rapid clearance of various bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan infections by removing intracellular replication ...
Scheme of the complement system. The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the humoral, innate immune system and enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane. [1]
This category of arthritis is the result of an inflammatory response from your body’s immune system. Types of inflammatory arthritis include: ... Take steps to lose weight or maintain a healthy ...
The inflammasome was discovered by the team of Jürg Tschopp, at the University of Lausanne, in 2002. [17] [18] In 2002, it was first reported by Martinon et al. [17] that NLRP1 (NLR family PYD-containing 1) could assemble and oligomerize into a structure in vitro, which activated the caspase-1 cascade, thereby leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18.
Inflammatory cytokines play a role in initiating the inflammatory response and to regulate the host defence against pathogens mediating the innate immune response. [4] Some inflammatory cytokines have additional roles such as acting as growth factors. [5] Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α also trigger pathological pain ...