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This list of Anuran families shows all extant families of Anura. Anura is an order of animals in the class Amphibia that includes frogs and toads. More than 5,000 species are described in the order. The living anurans are typically divided into three suborders: Archaeobatrachia, Mesobatrachia, and Neobatrachia. This classification is based on ...
The Anura include all modern frogs and any fossil species that fit within the anuran definition. The characteristics of anuran adults include: 9 or fewer presacral vertebrae, the presence of a urostyle formed of fused vertebrae, no tail, a long and forward-sloping ilium, shorter fore limbs than hind limbs, radius and ulna fused, tibia and ...
The loss of teeth has arisen in frogs independently over 20 times. Notably, all members of Bufonidae are toothless. Another Anuran family with a comparable degree of edentulism is the family Microhylidae. [10]
When first hatched, anuran tadpoles have external gills that are eventually covered by skin, forming an opercular chamber with internal gills vented by spiracles. Depending on the species, there can be two spiracles on both sides of the body, a single spiracle on the underside near the vent, or a single spiracle on the left side of the body. [3]
List of Anuran families Toad is a common name for certain frogs , especially of the family Bufonidae , that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands .
Hyloidea accounts for 54% of all living anuran species. [2] The superfamily Hyloidea branched off from its closest relative, the Australobatrachia, during the mid-Cretaceous. [3] The fossil evidence found during the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event could not determine the effects upon the frogs, due to the lack of fossils. Increased ...
As a generalized system, Gosner stages may not be adequate for describing development of some anuran tadpoles. [3] For example, in the torrent-dwelling tadpoles of Ansonia longidigita and Meristogenys orphnocnemis , the usual Gosner stages become inappropriate beyond the stage 41 because the tadpoles retain their oral disc longer than the ...
The American toad (Anaxyrus americanus) [3] is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States.It is divided into three subspecies: the eastern American toad (A. a. americanus), the dwarf American toad (A. a. charlesmithi) and the rare Hudson Bay toad (A. a. copei).