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  2. Foliation (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foliation_(geology)

    Foliation in geology refers to repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks. [1] Each layer can be as thin as a sheet of paper, or over a meter in thickness. [ 1 ] The word comes from the Latin folium , meaning "leaf", and refers to the sheet-like planar structure. [ 1 ]

  3. Cleavage (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(geology)

    If the heat is too intense, foliation will be weakened due to the nucleation and growth of new randomly oriented crystals and the rock will become a hornfels. [1] If minimal heat is applied to a rock with a preexisting foliation and without a change in mineral assemblage, the cleavage will be strengthened by growth of micas parallel to foliation.

  4. Stylolite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylolite

    Horizontal-inclined can be found in rocks affected by pressure parallel to the bedding plane followed by pressure perpendicular to bedding. Vertical stylolites This type of stylolite is related to the bedding at right angles. It may or may not be associated with tectonic activity. It is caused by pressure acting perpendicularly to the bedding.

  5. Bed (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_(geology)

    In geology, a bed is a layer of sediment, sedimentary rock, or volcanic rock "bounded above and below by more or less well-defined bedding surfaces". [1] A bedding surface or bedding plane is respectively a curved surface or plane that visibly separates each successive bed (of the same or different lithology ) from the preceding or following bed.

  6. Structural geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_geology

    In cases where there is a bedding-plane foliation caused by burial metamorphism or diagenesis this may be enumerated as S0a. If there are folds, these are numbered as F 1 , F 2 , etc. Generally the axial plane foliation or cleavage of a fold is created during folding, and the number convention should match.

  7. Glossary of geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geology

    Also called Indianite. A mineral from the lime-rich end of the plagioclase group of minerals. Anorthites are usually silicates of calcium and aluminium occurring in some basic igneous rocks, typically those produced by the contact metamorphism of impure calcareous sediments. anticline An arched fold in which the layers usually dip away from the fold axis. Contrast syncline. aphanic Having the ...

  8. Discontinuity (geotechnical engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discontinuity...

    A discontinuity can be, for example, a bedding, schistosity, foliation, joint, cleavage, fracture, fissure, crack, or fault plane. A division is made between mechanical and integral discontinuities. Discontinuities may occur multiple times with broadly the same mechanical characteristics in a discontinuity set, or may be a single discontinuity.

  9. Fabric (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabric_(geology)

    Primary fabric (bedding) shown by abrupt change in clast size, secondary fabric shown by penetrative S-fabric, cleavage, in fine-grained rock, and by shape fabric in deformed volcanic clasts. Cape Forchu, Nova Scotia. In geology, a rock's fabric describes the spatial and geometric configuration of all the elements that make it up.