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TNM staging system. The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors (TNM) is a globally recognised standard for classifying the anatomical extent of the spread of malignant tumours (cancer). It has gained wide international acceptance for many solid tumor cancers, but is not applicable to leukaemia or tumors of the central nervous system.
Determining the extent to which a cancer has developed. Cancer staging is the process of determining the extent to which a cancer has grown and spread. A number from I to IV is assigned, with I being an isolated cancer and IV being a cancer that has metastasized and spread from its origin. The stage generally takes into account the size of a ...
Breslow's depth. In medicine, Breslow's depth was used as a prognostic factor in melanoma of the skin. It is a description of how deeply tumor cells have invaded. Currently, the standard Breslow's depth has been replaced by the AJCC depth, in the AJCC staging system of melanoma. Originally, Breslow's depth was divided into 5 stages.
Grading (tumors) Hematoxylin and eosin stains from different sections of a single diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma specimen, showing low-grade (top) and high-grade (bottom) areas. In pathology, grading is a measure of the cell appearance in tumors and other neoplasms. Some pathology grading systems apply only to malignant neoplasms (cancer ...
Five anatomical levels are recognized, and higher levels have worsening prognostic implications. These levels are: [ 1 ] Level 1: Melanoma confined to the epidermis (melanoma in situ) Level 2: Invasion into the papillary dermis. Level 3: Invasion to the junction of the papillary and reticular dermis. Level 4: Invasion into the reticular dermis.
PubMed. PubMed is a free database including primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health maintains the database as part of the Entrez system of information retrieval.
Gleason score is calculated from grade as described in the text. The Gleason grading system is used to help evaluate the prognosis of men with prostate cancer using samples from a prostate biopsy. Together with other parameters, it is incorporated into a strategy of prostate cancer staging which predicts prognosis and helps guide therapy.
Performance status. In medicine (oncology and other fields), performance status is an attempt to quantify cancer patients ' general well-being and activities of daily life. This measure is used to determine whether they can receive chemotherapy, whether dose adjustment is necessary, and as a measure for the required intensity of palliative care.