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The thymus (pl.: thymuses or thymi) is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. Within the thymus, thymus cell lymphocytes or T cells mature. T cells are critical to the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts to specific foreign invaders. The thymus is located in the upper front part of the chest, in the anterior ...
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a long-term neuromuscular junction disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness. [1] The most commonly affected muscles are those of the eyes, face, and swallowing. [1][5] It can result in double vision, drooping eyelids, and difficulties in talking and walking. [1]
Ectopic thymus. Ectopic thymus is a condition where thymus tissue is found in an abnormal location (ectopia). It usually does not cause symptoms, but may leads to a mass in the neck that may compress the trachea and the esophagus. It is thought to be the result of either a failure of descent or a failure of involution of normal thymus tissue.
Immunology. Thymus hyperplasia refers to an enlargement ("hyperplasia") of the thymus. [1] It is not always a disease state. The size of the thymus usually peaks during adolescence and atrophies in the following decades. Before the immune function of the thymus was well understood, the enlargement was sometimes seen as a cause for alarm, and ...
The thymus gland in normal patients will gradually decrease in size because the need for the thymus gland diminishes. The decrease in the size of the thymus gland occurs because the body already has a sufficient number of developed T-cells. [13] However, a patient with X-SCID will be born with an abnormally small thymus gland at birth. [9]
Cervical thymic cyst. A cervical thymic cyst, also called thymopharyngeal duct cyst, is a fluid-filled mass that occurs when the thymopharyngeal duct, an embryonic structure connecting the nascent thymus with the embryonic pharynx, fails to close and disappear. [1] A thymic cyst is typically a solitary mass on one side of the neck, and is ...
Human thymus, posterior view. Specialty. Immunology, Medical genetics. Congenital athymia is an extremely rare disorder marked by the absence of the thymus at birth. [ 1 ] T cell maturation and selection depend on the thymus, and newborns born without a thymus experience severe immunodeficiency. [ 2 ]
H&E stain. Hassall's corpuscles (also known as thymic bodies) are structures found in the medulla of the human thymus, formed from eosinophilic type VI thymic epithelial cells arranged concentrically. These concentric corpuscles are composed of a central mass, consisting of one or more granular cells, and of a capsule formed of epithelioid cells.