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Fertility rate, average number of children born to women during their reproductive years. For the population in a given area to remain stable, an overall total fertility rate of 2.1 is needed, assuming no immigration or emigration occurs. It is important to distinguish birth rates—which are defined.
This topic page focuses on the fertility rate — formally known as the “total fertility rate” (TFR) — a metric that is expressed in the number of children per woman, and summarizes fertility rates across all age groups in one particular year.
The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime, if they were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through their lifetime, and they were to live from birth until the end of their reproductive life.
Simply put, total fertility rate is the average number of children a woman would have if a she survives all her childbearing (or reproductive) years. Childbearing years are considered age 15 to 49. The total fertility rate can be calculated using age-specific birth rates.
Assuming no net migration and unchanged mortality, a total fertility rate of 2.1 children per woman ensures a broadly stable population. Together with mortality and migration, fertility is an element of population growth, reflecting both the causes and effects of economic and social developments.
The total fertility rate (TFR) is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population change in the country.
The total fertility rate (TFR) is a demographic measure that estimates the average number of children a woman will have during her reproductive years, typically defined as ages 15 to 49.
The fertility rate, expressed as the number of children per woman, is based on age-specific fertility rates in one particular year. Estimates are shown with projections until 2100, based on the UN medium scenario.
Definition. The fertility rate is a demographic measure that reflects the average number of children a woman would have during her lifetime, based on current birth rates.
A fertility rate is normally expressed as the number of births per 1,000 women. For example, the teen birth rate is the number of births to women 15 to 19 divided by the number of women 15 to 19 multiplied by 1,000.