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The White Racial Identity Model was developed by an African American psychologist, Janet Helms in 1992. [3] It is a racial and ethnic identity model created specifically for people who identify as White. This theory, heavily influenced by William Cross, has become a widely referenced and studied theory on White racial identity development. [4]
Janet E. Helms is an American research psychologist known for her study of ethnic minority issues. [ 1] A scholar, author and educator, she is most known for her racial identity theory that is applied to multiple disciplines, including education and law. [ 2] She received the 2006 Award for Distinguished Contributions to Education and Training ...
In 1990, the White Racial Identity Development by Janet E. Helms explored the perceptions and self-identification of white people. [21] Helms has been credited as developing one of the earliest models which profiles a non-racist progression to white identity. [ 22 ]
William E. Cross Jr. (born 1940) is a theorist and researcher in the field of ethnic identity development, specifically Black identity development. [1] He is best known for his nigrescence model, first detailed in a 1971 publication, and his book, Shades of Black, published in 1991. Cross's nigrescence model expanded upon the work of Black ...
Ethnic identity development. Ethnic identity development includes the identity formation in an individual's self-categorization in, and psychological attachment to, (an) ethnic group (s). Ethnic identity is characterized as part of one's overarching self-concept and identification. It is distinct from the development of ethnic group identities.
Janet Helms: Well known for her study of ethnic minority issues, specifically for her racial identity theory that has been applied across disciplines. Linda James Myers: Professor of African-American Psychology at Ohio State University. She is known for her critiques of traditional, Euro-centric psychology. [66]
—Sociologist Uri Ben-Eliezer, 2004 Not all scholars that have used the concept of "cultural racism" have done so in the same way. The scholars Carol C. Mukhopadhyay and Peter Chua defined "cultural racism" as "a form of racism (that is, a structurally unequal practice) that relies on cultural differences rather than on biological markers of racial superiority or inferiority. The cultural ...
The conspiracy theory's more racist adherents believe Jews are behind the so-called replacement plan: White nationalists marching at a Charlottesville, Virginia, rally that turned deadly in 2017 ...