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Exercise induced amenorrhoea occurs in 5-25% of athletes and 1.8% of the general population. The incidence is higher in marathon runners and is more frequent in women who weigh less and were slightly younger. [2] Exercise amenorrhoea has also been reported in ballet dancers, cyclists, swimmers and those involved in non-weight bearing sports. [1]
Exercise-related factors generally affect athletes who participate in sports that require intensive training and a low body weight, causing a net energy deficiency. [ 4 ] [ 6 ] FHA due to excessive exercise has been defined as an at least 6-month absence of menses in otherwise healthy females lacking chronic severe illness who exercise eight or ...
In athletes that engage in such sports, the pressure to perform promotes excessive dieting and other disordered eating habits, as athletes try to conform to expected weight patterns. More severe examples of disordered eating habits may include binge-eating ; purging ; and the use of diet-pills , laxatives , diuretics , and enemas .
Neuroimaging studies indicate that exercise may influence changes in brain structure and function. [94] Some investigations have linked low levels of aerobic fitness in children with impaired executive function when older as adults, but lack of selective attention, response inhibition, and interference control may also explain this outcome. [96]
Athletic Insight was established in 1999 to serve as a peer-reviewed, nonproprietary journal that would provide a forum for discussion of topics that are relevant to the field of sport psychology through a quarterly online publication.
Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11] Sensory abnormalities are also included in the diagnostic manuals ...
Amenorrhea or amenorrhoea is the absence of a menstrual period in a female who has reached reproductive age. [1] Physiological states of amenorrhoea are most commonly seen during pregnancy and lactation ( breastfeeding ).
Autism spectrum disorder varies from child to child, which can make it challenging for clinicians to assess and know what therapies to apply. The purpose of these differentiated interventions are to intervene at the neurological level of the brain in hopes to develop appropriate responses to the different sensations from one's body and also to ...