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The Arabic word tasawwuf (lit. ' 'Sufism' '), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. [14] [15] [16] The Arabic term Sufi has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. [14]
The term qutb [a] (Arabic: قطب) means 'axis', 'pivot', or 'pole'. [1] Qutb can refer to celestial movements and be used as an astronomical term or a spiritual symbol. [2]In Sufism, a qutb is the perfect human being, al-Insān al-Kāmil ('The Universal Man'), who leads the saintly hierarchy.
The mausoleum of Ahmad Yasawi who was also considered a Sufi saint and poet in Turkistan, current day Kazakhstan. Sufi saints or wali (Arabic: ولي, plural ʾawliyāʾ أولياء) played an instrumental role in spreading Islam throughout the world. [1]
Since the first Muslim hagiographies were written during the period when the Islamic mystical trend of Sufism began its rapid expansion, many of the figures who later came to be regarded as the major saints in orthodox Sunni Islam were the early Sufi mystics, like Hasan of Basra (d. 728), Farqad Sabakhi (d. 729), Dawud Tai (d. 777–781), Rabia ...
It assumed a spiritual meaning in the Qur’an where Al-Laṭīf is one of the 99 names of God in Islam, reflecting His subtle nature. [31] [32] And it was subsequently adopted by Sufism to refer to various aspects of reality that are not gross, material qualities of the physical world (see, for example, "Disambiguation: Ten, five, or six ...
According to the founder of the Qadiriyya Sufi order, Abdul Qadir Gilani irfan is the acknowledgement of God's unity. This acceptance is achieved by studying under Islamic scholars who give insight on the internal meanings of Islamic rituals, such as the salah.
In Sufism, a Pir (also spelled as peer, pir, or peer) refers to a spiritual guide or master who provides guidance and mentorship to seekers on their spiritual path. The word "Pir" is derived from the Persian word for "old" or "elder. The term "Murshid" is an Arabic word meaning "guide" or "teacher."
In Sufism, a murīd (Arabic مُرِيد ' one who seeks ') is a novice committed to spiritual enlightenment by sulūk (traversing a path) under a spiritual guide, who may take the title murshid, pir or shaykh. A sālik or Sufi follower only becomes a murīd when he makes a pledge to a murshid. The equivalent Persian term is shāgird. [1]