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In healthy teeth, the periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts block osteogenic cells within the periodontium by releasing locally acting regulators. This separates the tooth root from alveolar bone. [12] Damage to the PDL disrupts this process resulting bone growth across the periodontal space and fusion with the root.
The alveolar process is also called the alveolar bone or alveolar ridge. [3] In phonetics , the term refers more specifically to the ridges on the inside of the mouth which can be felt with the tongue , either on roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth.
This injury involves the alveolar bone and may extend beyond the alveolus. [5] [6] There are five different types of alveolar fractures: Communicated fracture of the socket wall; Fracture of the socket wall; Dentoalveolar fracture (segmental) Fracture of the maxilla: Le Fort fracture, zygomatic fracture, orbital blowout; Fracture of the mandible
alveolar bone, or the bony sockets into which the teeth are anchored, and periodontal ligaments (PDLs), which are the connective tissue fibers that run between the cementum and the alveolar bone. This X-ray film displays two lone-standing mandibular teeth, the lower left first premolar and canine, exhibiting severe bone loss of 30–50%.
Dental avulsion is the complete displacement of a tooth from its socket in alveolar bone owing to trauma, such as can be caused by a fall, road traffic accident, assault, sports, or occupational injury. [1] [2] Typically, a tooth is held in place by the periodontal ligament, which becomes torn when the tooth is knocked out. [3]
The bone destruction patterns that occur as a result of periodontal disease generally take on characteristic forms. This X-ray film displays a horizontal defect . This X-ray film displays two lone-standing mandibular teeth, #21 and #22: the lower left first premolar and canine, exhibiting severe bone loss of 30-50%.
Dental intrusion is an apical displacement of the tooth into the alveolar bone.This injury is accompanied by extensive damage to periodontal ligament, cementum, disruption of the neurovascular supply to the pulp, and communication or fracture of the alveolar socket.
Alveolar osteitis of a socket after tooth extraction. Note lack of blood clot in socket and exposed alveolar bone. Dry-socket (Alveolar osteitis) is a painful phenomenon that most commonly occurs a few days after the removal of mandibular (lower) wisdom teeth. It typically occurs when the blood clot within the healing tooth extraction site is ...