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Throughout ancient texts, Khnum is depicted as a creator. In the Pyramid Texts of the later Old Kingdom , he crafts ferryboats and a ladder ascending to heaven. [ 4 ] The Fifth Dynasty portrays him specifically as the creator of the vessels used by the sun god Ra , known as the solar barque .
A deity known as the Goat of Mendes is associated with the pentagram. In Greece, Italy, and Egypt, the goat was worshipped in both goat form and phallic form. [37] This type of worship has sometimes been said to have originated from the goat's increased sex drive. One male goat was capable of fertilizing 150 females. [37]
The Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) is a desert-dwelling goat species (Genus Capra) found in mountainous areas of northern and northeast Africa, and the Middle East. [2] It was historically considered to be a subspecies of the Alpine ibex (C. ibex), but is now considered a distinct species.
Animal sacrifice was general among the ancient Near Eastern civilizations of Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt and Persia, as well as the Hebrews (covered below).Unlike the Greeks, who had worked out a justification for keeping the best edible parts of the sacrifice for the assembled humans to eat, in these cultures the whole animal was normally placed on the fire by the altar and burned, or ...
Nubians also lived in ancient Egypt in this period. Eastward contacts are represented by objects and motific works of ancient Egypt found in the Near East, including modern Anatolia and Byblos and those ancient regions around Canaan and Syria. Some kings of Byblos have been found buried with Egyptian items.
The Egyptian god Khnum (Upper Egypt) was usually depicted with the head of a spiral-horned ram. Mendes is the Greek name for the ancient Egyptian city of Djedet. Lévi equates his image with "The Goat of Mendes", possibly following the account by Herodotus [60] that the god of Mendes was
Ancient Egyptian cattle were of four principal different types: long-horned, short-horned, polled and zebuine. [17] The earliest evidence for cattle in Egypt is from the Faiyum region, dating back to the fifth millennium BC. [17] In the New Kingdom, hump-backed zebuine cattle from Syria were introduced to Egypt, and seem to have replaced ...
In ancient Egypt, the cattle count was one of the two main means of evaluating the amount of taxes to be levied, the other one being the height of the annual inundation. A very important economic event, the cattle count was controlled by high officials, and was connected to several cultic feasts. In addition it served as a means of dating other ...