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  2. Idempotence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idempotence

    Pressing the On button (green) is an idempotent operation, since it has the same effect whether done once or multiple times. Likewise, pressing Off is idempotent. Idempotence ( UK : / ˌ ɪ d ɛ m ˈ p oʊ t ən s / , [ 1 ] US : / ˈ aɪ d ə m -/ ) [ 2 ] is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science whereby they can ...

  3. Decomposition of a module - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decomposition_of_a_module

    The summation of idempotent endomorphisms corresponds to the decomposition of the unity of R: =, which is necessarily a finite sum; in particular, must be a finite set. For example, take R = M n ⁡ ( D ) {\displaystyle R=\operatorname {M} _{n}(D)} , the ring of n -by- n matrices over a division ring D .

  4. Rounding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding

    If x is negative, round-down is the same as round-away-from-zero, and round-up is the same as round-toward-zero. In any case, if x is an integer, y is just x . Where many calculations are done in sequence, the choice of rounding method can have a very significant effect on the result.

  5. Side effect (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_effect_(computer_science)

    setx is idempotent because the second application of setx to 3 has the same effect on the system state as the first application: x was already set to 3 after the first application, and it is still set to 3 after the second application. A pure function is idempotent if it is idempotent in the mathematical sense. For instance, consider the ...

  6. Idempotent (ring theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idempotent_(ring_theory)

    An idempotent a + I in the quotient ring R / I is said to lift modulo I if there is an idempotent b in R such that b + I = a + I. An idempotent a of R is called a full idempotent if RaR = R. A separability idempotent; see Separable algebra. Any non-trivial idempotent a is a zero divisor (because ab = 0 with neither a nor b being zero, where b ...

  7. Cyclic code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_code

    The idempotent of is a codeword such that = (that is, is an idempotent element of ) and is an identity for the code, that is = for every codeword . If n {\displaystyle n} and q {\displaystyle q} are coprime such a word always exists and is unique; [ 2 ] it is a generator of the code.

  8. Idempotent analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idempotent_analysis

    In mathematical analysis, idempotent analysis is the study of idempotent semirings, such as the tropical semiring. The lack of an additive inverse in the semiring is compensated somewhat by the idempotent rule A ⊕ A = A {\displaystyle A\oplus A=A} .

  9. Boolean ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_ring

    The maximal ring of quotients Q(R) (in the sense of Utumi and Lambek) of a Boolean ring R is a Boolean ring, since every partial endomorphism is idempotent. [ 6 ] Every prime ideal P in a Boolean ring R is maximal : the quotient ring R / P is an integral domain and also a Boolean ring, so it is isomorphic to the field F 2 , which shows the ...