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A kernel is a component of a computer operating system. [1] A comparison of system kernels can provide insight into the design and architectural choices made by the developers of particular operating systems.
The kernel's interface is a low-level abstraction layer. When a process requests a service from the kernel, it must invoke a system call, usually through a wrapper function. There are different kernel architecture designs. Monolithic kernels run entirely in a single address space with the CPU executing in supervisor mode, mainly for speed.
Software architecture is the set of structures needed to reason about a software system and the discipline of creating such structures and systems. Each structure comprises software elements, relations among them, and properties of both elements and relations.
The kernel architecture's main benefit is that an application can be developed independently from a particular system configuration. This allows new modules to be added or replaced in the same application, so that specific scheduling policies can be evaluated for predictability, overhead and performance.
The kernel notifies programs of processor events, such as interrupts, hardware exceptions, and the beginning or end of a time slice. If a program takes a long time to handle an event, the kernel will penalize it on subsequent time slice allocations; in extreme cases the kernel can abort the program. Memory
A virtual kernel architecture (vkernel) is an operating system virtualisation paradigm where kernel code can be compiled to run in the user space, for example, to ease debugging of various kernel-level components, [3] [4] [5] in addition to general-purpose virtualisation and compartmentalisation of system resources.
In engineering, hardware architecture refers to the identification of a system's physical components and their interrelationships. This description, often called a hardware design model , allows hardware designers to understand how their components fit into a system architecture and provides to software component designers important information ...
Architectural Model contains a definition of an architectural model from the University of Ottawa's Object Oriented Software Engineering database. Architectural Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM) is a method by which architecture can be evaluated for suitability and fit to requirements.