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A refrain (from Vulgar Latin refringere, "to repeat", and later from Old French refraindre) is the line or lines that are repeated in music or in poetry—the "chorus" of a song. Poetic fixed forms that feature refrains include the villanelle , the virelay , and the sestina .
With; used in very many musical directions, for example con allegrezza (with liveliness), con calma (calmly lit. ' with calm '); (see also col and colla) con dolcezza See dolce con sordina or con sordine (plural) With a mute, or with mutes. Frequently seen in music as (incorrect Italian) con sordino, or con sordini (plural). concerto
The formes fixes (French: [fɔʁm fiks]; singular: forme fixe, "fixed form") are the three 14th- and 15th-century French poetic forms: the ballade, rondeau, and virelai.Each was also a musical form, generally a chanson, and all consisted of a complex pattern of repetition of verses and a refrain with musical content in two main sections.
The tune style or form is technically designated "gospel songs" as distinct from hymns. Gospel songs generally include a refrain (or chorus) and usually (though not always) a faster tempo than the hymns. As examples of the distinction, "Amazing Grace" is a hymn (no refrain), but "How Great Thou Art" is a gospel song. [52]
The musical form of a ballade stanza is a bar form (AAB), with a first, repeated musical section (stollen) setting the two initial pairs of verses (rhyme scheme ab ab), and the second section (abgesang) setting the remaining lines including the refrain verse (bcbC). The two statements of the "A" section often have different endings, known as ...
The musical ballade originates in the literary tradition of medieval and early Renaissance poetry. [4] In poetry, the ballade featured a highly structured form, typically composed of three main stanzas with a repeated refrain.
A rondeau (French:; plural: rondeaux) is a form of medieval and Renaissance French poetry, as well as the corresponding musical chanson form. Together with the ballade and the virelai it was considered one of three formes fixes, and one of the verse forms in France most commonly set to music between the late 13th and the 15th centuries.
The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Penguin Books, 2000. ISBN 0-14-051363-9. Dana Gioia. The Longman Dictionary of Literary Terms: Vocabulary for the Informed Reader. Longman, 2005. ISBN 0-321-33194-X. Sharon Hamilton. Essential Literary Terms: A Brief Norton Guide with Exercises. W. W. Norton, 2006. ISBN 0-393-92837-3.