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Ijtihad is considered to be a religious duty for those qualified to perform it. [3] An Islamic scholar who is qualified to perform ijtihad is called a "mujtahid". [2] [5] For first five centuries of Islam, the practice of ijtihad continued in theory and practice among Sunni Muslims. It then first became subject to dispute in the 12th century. [6]
The analysis of probability forms a large part of the Shiite science of usul al-fiqh, and was developed by Muhammad Baqir Behbahani (1706–1792) and Shaykh Murtada al-Ansari (died 1864). The only primary text on Shi'ite principles of jurisprudence in English is the translation of Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr's Durus fi 'Ilm al-'Usul.
A Mujtahid Muqayyad must pass rulings according to the confines of his particular madhhab (school of jurisprudence), or particular area of specialization. [6] This is according to the view that ijtihad or the ability of legal deduction can be achieved in specified areas, and does not require a holistic grasp of the Shariah and its entailing ...
Recommended precaution (Arabic: احتياط مستحب, romanized: Ihtiyat Mustahabb) is a fiqh term, prominently used by Shi'a marjas when giving fatwas. Ihtiyat is an action in such a way that includes certain knowledge to original Taklif.
Mujahideen, or Mujahidin (Arabic: مُجَاهِدِين, romanized: mujāhidīn), is the plural form of mujahid (Arabic: مُجَاهِد, romanized: mujāhid, lit. 'strugglers or strivers, doers of jihād'), an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in jihad (lit.
Ijtihad is considered to be a religious duty for those qualified to perform it. [62] An Islamic scholar who is qualified to perform ijtihad is called a mujtahid. [61] Starting from the 18th century, some Muslim reformers began calling for abandonment of taqlid and emphasis on ijtihad, which they saw as a return to Islamic origins. [61]
If there is no derivation involved due to the explicitness of the ruling in the Quran and prophetic tradition, then such a person is not, by definition, a mujtahid. In order for Qiyas to be used in Islamic law, three things are necessary. First, there must be a new case for which the Quran and Sunnah of the Prophet do not provide a clear ruling.
These are sometimes called mujtahid muḥtaṭ (mujtahid in abeyance). [1] The hierarchy of Twelver Shi'i has been described as one of deference, that is the lower ranking ulama will defer to a higher ranking one—"a locally prominent mujtahid"—who will defer to an "eminent mujtahid" (marja' al-taqlid) in Najaf, Qum or Mashhad. [3]