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Two key works by historian Charles Gibson, Tlaxcala in the Sixteenth Century (1952) [96] and his monograph The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule: A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519–1810 (1964) [97] were central in reshaping the historiography of the indigenous and their communities from the Spanish conquest to the 1810 Mexican ...
From 1519 to 1521, Hernán Cortés led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, ruled by Moctezuma II. From the territories of the Aztec Empire, conquistadors expanded Spanish rule to northern Central America and parts of what is now the southern and western United States, and from Mexico sailing the Pacific Ocean to the Spanish East Indies.
In 1898, the United States achieved victory in the Spanish–American War with Spain, ending the Spanish colonial era. Spanish possession and rule of its remaining colonies in the Americas ended in that year with its sovereignty transferred to the United States. The United States took occupation of Cuba, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico.
Charles V [d] [e] (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.
Spanish Empire in 1790. In North America, Spain claimed lands west of the Mississippi River and the Pacific coast from California to Alaska, but it did not control them on the ground. The crown constructed missions and presidios in coastal California and sent maritime expeditions to the Pacific Northwest to assert sovereignty.
The history of mainland New Spain spans three hundred years from the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–1521) to the collapse of Spanish rule in the Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821).
Northern New Spain: A Research Guide (1981) by Thomas C. Barnes, Thomas H. Naylor, and Charles W. Polzer, p. 94. (in Spanish) List of viceroys and other colonial rulers at the Mexican government site (in Spanish) Cronología de los Gobernantes de México 1325–2000 (Powerpoint) (in Spanish) List of Spanish colonial officials before the viceroyalty
Spain and the United States signs the Pact of Madrid. 1955 Spain joins the United Nations. 1959: Spanish miracle: A period of economic growth began. 1973: Spanish miracle: The period ended. 1975: History of Spain (1975–present) 6 November: The Green March forced Spain to hand over its last remaining colonial possession, Spanish Sahara, to ...