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Graphene doped with various gaseous species (both acceptors and donors) can be returned to an undoped state by gentle heating in vacuum. [22] [24] Even for dopant concentrations in excess of 10 12 cm −2 carrier mobility exhibits no observable change. [24] Graphene doped with potassium in ultra-high vacuum at low temperature can reduce ...
In addition to experimental investigation of graphene and graphene-based devices, numerical modeling and simulation of graphene has also been an important research topic. The Kubo formula provides an analytic expression for the graphene's conductivity and shows that it is a function of several physical parameters including wavelength ...
[27] [28] Graphene–based materials such as graphene oxide (GO) have considerable potential for several biological applications including the development of new drug release system. GOs are an abundance of functional groups such as hydroxyl, epoxy, and carboxyl on its basal surface and edges that can be also used to immobilize or load various ...
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon that consists of a single layer of graphite. [15] It has been used in sensors to detect vapour-phase molecules, [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] pH, [ 19 ] proteins, [ 19 ] bacteria, [ 20 ] and simulated chemical warfare agents.
Electrochemical Random-Access Memory (ECRAM) is a type of non-volatile memory (NVM) with multiple levels per cell (MLC) designed for deep learning analog acceleration. [1] [2] [3] An ECRAM cell is a three-terminal device composed of a conductive channel, an insulating electrolyte, an ionic reservoir, and metal contacts. The resistance of the ...
Graphene has been studied extensively for its use in electrochemical systems such as batteries since its first isolation in 2004. [15] Graphene offers high surface area and good conductivity. [ 16 ] In current lithium-ion battery technology, the 2D networks of graphite inhibit smooth lithium-ion intercalation; the lithium ions must travel ...
As expected, graphene nanoribbons with smaller width would completely break down faster, since the ratio of the weaker edged bonds increased. While the tensile strain on graphene nanoribbons reached its maximum, C-C bonds would start to break and then formed much bigger rings to make materials weaker until fracture. [32]
Bilayer graphene displays the anomalous quantum Hall effect, a tunable band gap [3] and potential for excitonic condensation. [4] Bilayer graphene typically can be found either in twisted configurations where the two layers are rotated relative to each other or graphitic Bernal stacked configurations where half the atoms in one layer lie atop half the atoms in the other. [5]