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A. Reparations Deportees ("reparationsverschleppte") Ethnic German civilians conscripted for labor in the Soviet Union for damages caused by Germany during the war. Origin- Former eastern territories of Germany and Poland -233,000; Romania 80,000: Hungary 35,000 and Yugoslavia 27,000.
The German minority population in Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Union stemmed from several sources and arrived in several waves. Since the second half of the 19th century, as a consequence of the Russification policies and compulsory military service in the Russian Empire, large groups of Germans from Russia emigrated to the Americas (mainly Canada, the United States, Brazil and Argentina ...
The Treaty of Rapallo between Weimar Germany and Soviet Russia was signed by German Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau and his Soviet colleague Georgy Chicherin on April 16, 1922, during the Genoa Economic Conference, annulling all mutual claims, restoring full diplomatic relations, and establishing the beginnings of close trade relationships, which made Weimar Germany the main trading and ...
Ukrainians from Cherkashchyna depart to Nazi Germany to serve as labor force, 1942. During the German occupation of Central and Eastern Europe in World War II (1941–44) over three million people were taken to Germany as Ostarbeiter. Some estimates put the number as high as 5.5 million. [6]
For example, after Christmas 1944 between 27,000 and 30,000 ethnic Germans (aged 18–40) were sent to the Soviet Union from Yugoslavia. Women made up 90% of the group. Most were sent to labor camps in the Donbas (Donets or Donez basin) where 16% of them died. [7]
Forced labour was instrumental for the Soviet Union, and during the time of industrialisation it was deemed a necessary tool by the Bolsheviks, in order to rid the country of internal enemies, while at the same time using that labour to help achieve a stronger socialist union, and that idea was no different during wartime. [11] The USSR ...
A large number of German POWs had been released by the end of 1946, [9] when the Soviet Union held fewer POWs than the United Kingdom and France between them [citation needed]. With the creation of a pro-Soviet German state in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany (the German Democratic Republic) in October 1949, all but 85,000 POWs had been ...
The USSR implemented a number of labor disciplinary measures, due to the lack of productivity of its labour force in the early 1930s. 1.8 million workers were sentenced to 6 months in forced labor with a quarter of their original pay, 3.3 million faced sanctions, and 60k were imprisoned for absentees in 1940 alone.