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The first correct description of the antigen-antibody reaction was given by Richard J. Goldberg at the University of Wisconsin in 1952. [1] [2] It came to be known as "Goldberg's theory" (of antigen-antibody reaction). [3] There are several types of antibodies and antigens, and each antibody is capable of binding only to a specific antigen.
These types of antibodies are typically called monoclonal antibodies because they are created to target one specific antigen. [2] Herceptin and Avastin, two widely used cancer fighting drugs, are examples of monoclonal antibodies. For several decades, and until recently, mice were used extensively in the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs).
Types of monoclonal antibodies with other structures than naturally occurring antibodies. The abbreviations in the column Type are as follows: mab: whole monoclonal antibody; Fab: fragment, antigen-binding (one arm) F(ab') 2: fragment, antigen-binding, including hinge region (both arms) Fab': fragment, antigen-binding, including hinge region ...
In contrast, mutation of other genes unrelated to the tumor formation may lead to synthesis of abnormal proteins which are called tumor-associated antigens. Other examples include tissue differentiation antigens, mutant protein antigens, oncogenic viral antigens, cancer-testis antigens and vascular or stromal specific antigens. Tissue ...
Bi-specific T-cell engager (BiTE) is a class of artificial bispecific monoclonal antibodies that are investigated for use as anti-cancer drugs. They direct a host's immune system, more specifically the T cells ' cytotoxic activity, against cancer cells.
Cancer therapy targeted at tumor antigens can involve the direct use of these antigens in vaccines, but also the adoptive transfer of T cells that recognize these antigens. Finally, antibodies that increase the general activity of T cells appear to be very efficacious in activating antitumoral T cells .