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Various diagnostic methods can be employed in the diagnosis of Gas gangrene. Due to low incidence of myonecrosis it is an easy-to-overlook diagnosis. As bacterial infections mostly exhibit the same symptoms, early diagnosis of gas gangrene rarely occurs. The ambiguous symptoms only contribute to a poorer prognosis. Diagnostic methods include: [15]
However, the most common way to get gas gangrene is through a traumatic injury. In the United States, there is only about 1000 cases of gas gangrene per year. When addressed with adequate care, gas gangrene has a mortality rate of 20-30% but has a mortality rate of 100% if left untreated. [66]
The greatest survival rates are typically seen in patients without pre-existing medical conditions, and with infection localized to the extremities. [4] Gas gangrene proceeds via disruption of blood flow to the infected site, resulting in diminished levels of oxygen and nutrients ultimately causing premature cell death and tissue necrosis. [9]
Necrotizing pneumonia (NP), also known as cavitary pneumonia or cavitatory necrosis, is a rare but severe complication of lung parenchymal infection. [1] [2] [3] In necrotizing pneumonia, there is a substantial liquefaction following death of the lung tissue, which may lead to gangrene formation in the lung.
Infection of GAS may spread through direct contact with mucus or sores on the skin. [2] GAS infections can cause over 500,000 deaths per year. [4] Despite the emergence of antibiotics as a treatment for group A streptococcus, cases of iGAS are an increasing problem, particularly on the continent of Africa. [5]
Gas in the tissues and putrid-like pus with a gray thin quality are often found in these infections, and they are frequently associated with a bacteremia and high mortality rate. [ citation needed ] Treatment of deep-seated soft-tissue infections includes: vigorous surgical management that includes surgical debridement and drainage.
Gangrene toes in a diabetic. Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply. [4] The feet and hands are most commonly affected. [1] If the gangrene is caused by an infectious agent, it may present with a fever or sepsis.
Noma is associated with a very high morbidity, [10] and a mortality rate of approximately 90 percent. The prognosis is much better with treatment; if children have access to medical care, the mortality rate drops to under 10 percent. [11] After gangrene sets in, patients are likely to die of sepsis within one to two weeks. [12]