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A quadrant antenna is a 'V' antenna with an unusual overall length of a full wavelength, with two half-wave horizontal elements meeting at a right angle where it is fed. [14] Quadrant antennas produce mostly horizontal polarization at low to intermediate elevation angles and have nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns.
The most common type of dipole consists of two resonant elements, each just under a quarter wavelength long, hence a total length of about a half-wave. This antenna radiates maximally in directions perpendicular to the antenna's axis, giving it a small directive gain of 2.15 dBi (2.15 dBi means that in the direction of maximum radiation, signal ...
The monopole antenna is essentially one half of the half-wave dipole, a single 1 / 4 wavelength element with the other side connected to ground or an equivalent ground plane (or counterpoise). Monopoles, which are one-half the size of a dipole, are common for long-wavelength radio signals where a dipole would be impractically large.
In transmitting antennas the impedance of the antenna must be matched to the feedline for maximum power transfer. A half wave whip antenna (length of ) has somewhat higher gain than a quarter wave whip, but it has a current node at its feedpoint at the base of the rod so it has very high input impedance. If it was infinitely thin the antenna ...
A full-wave loop antenna is slightly more than two half-wavelengths in circumference, which is a bit more than double the size of a halo antenna designed to operate on the same frequency. In contrast, the two semi-circles of a resonant loop, each is a half wavelength long.
The smaller of these loops are much less efficient than the extraordinary performance of full-sized, self-resonant loops, [14] or the moderate efficiency of monopoles, dipoles, and halos, but where space for a full wave loop or a half-wave dipole is not available, small loops can provide adequate communications with low-but-tolerable efficiency.
The driven element of the antenna is usually a half-wave dipole, its length half a wavelength of the radio waves used. The parasitic elements are of two types. A "reflector" is slightly longer (around 5%) than a half-wavelength. It serves to reflect the radio waves in the opposite direction.
In practice monopoles are mainly used at the two lowest resonant frequencies; where the element is one quarter of the wavelength long (/), the quarter-wave monopole, or one half of the wavelength long (/), the half-wave monopole, because their radiation patterns consist of a single lobe in horizontal directions, perpendicular to the antenna axis.