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  2. French Penal Code of 1810 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Penal_Code_of_1810

    The Penal Code of 1810 (French: Code pénal de 1810) was a code of criminal law created under Napoleon which replaced the Penal Code of 1791. [1] Among other things, this code reinstated a life imprisonment punishment, as well as branding. These had been abolished in the French Penal Code of 1791.

  3. Imperial Guard (Napoleon I) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Guard_(Napoleon_I)

    The Guard received better pay, rations, quarters, and equipment, and all guardsmen ranked one grade higher than all non-Imperial Guard soldiers. Other French soldiers even referred to Napoleon's Imperial Guard as "the Immortals". [1] The Guard played a major part in the climax of the Battle of Waterloo. It was thrown into the battle at the last ...

  4. Old Guard (France) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Guard_(France)

    1st Regiment of Foot Grenadiers of the Old Guard Wearing their distinctive bearskin caps while fighting in the Six Days Campaign. Napoleon's Old Guard was the most celebrated and most feared elite military formation of its day. There were four regiments of the Old Guard infantry: 1st and 2nd each of grenadiers and chasseurs. Members of the Old ...

  5. Penal military unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_military_unit

    The Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa, a French Army penal military unit, depicted in battle during the French conquest of Algeria in 1833. A penal military unit, also known as a penal formation, disciplinary unit, or just penal unit (usually named for their formation and size, such as penal battalion for battalions, penal regiment for regiments, penal company for companies, etc.), is a ...

  6. Capital punishment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment

    In 1942, the death penalty was almost deleted in criminal law, as well for juveniles, but since 1928 persisted in military law during wartime for youth above 14 years. [154] If no earlier change was made in the given subject, by 1979 juveniles could no longer be subject to the death penalty in military law during wartime. [155]

  7. Napoleonic Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonic_Code

    The categories of the Napoleonic Code were not drawn from earlier French law, but instead from Justinian's sixth-century codification of Roman law, the Corpus Juris Civilis, and within it, the Institutes. [10] The Institutes divide into the law of: persons; things; actions. Similarly, the Napoleonic Code divided the law into four sections ...

  8. Napoleon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon

    Napoleon Bonaparte [b] (born Napoleone Buonaparte; [1] [c] 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of military campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.

  9. Law of Suspects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Suspects

    The following year, the decree was expanded and became more strict. Implementation of the law and arrests were entrusted to oversight committees, and not to the legal authorities. [4] The decree also introduced the maxim that subjects had to prove their innocence, which was later extended by the Law of 22 Prairial (10 June 1794). [5]