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In mathematics education, calculus is an abbreviation of both infinitesimal calculus and integral calculus, which denotes courses of elementary mathematical analysis.. In Latin, the word calculus means “small pebble”, (the diminutive of calx, meaning "stone"), a meaning which still persists in medicine.
In computational number theory, the index calculus algorithm is a probabilistic algorithm for computing discrete logarithms.Dedicated to the discrete logarithm in (/) where is a prime, index calculus leads to a family of algorithms adapted to finite fields and to some families of elliptic curves.
In mathematics, matrix calculus is a specialized notation for doing multivariable calculus, especially over spaces of matrices.It collects the various partial derivatives of a single function with respect to many variables, and/or of a multivariate function with respect to a single variable, into vectors and matrices that can be treated as single entities.
A function F(x) is an h-antiderivative of f(x) if D h F(x) = f(x).The h-integral is denoted by ().If a and b differ by an integer multiple of h then the definite integral () is given by a Riemann sum of f(x) on the interval [a, b], partitioned into sub-intervals of equal width h.
Tensor calculus has many applications in physics, engineering and computer science including elasticity, continuum mechanics, electromagnetism (see mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field), general relativity (see mathematics of general relativity), quantum field theory, and machine learning.
Let be an -grade multivector.Then we can define an additional pair of operators, the interior and exterior derivatives, = =, = + =. In particular, if is grade 1 (vector-valued function), then we can write
Lambda calculus is Turing complete, that is, it is a universal model of computation that can be used to simulate any Turing machine. [3] Its namesake, the Greek letter lambda (λ), is used in lambda expressions and lambda terms to denote binding a variable in a function.
The raison d'être of the relational calculus is the formalization of query optimization.Query optimization consists in determining from a query the most efficient manner (or manners) to execute it.