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Type 2: rarest form of duodenal atresia, making up 1% of cases. The proximal and distal ends of the duodenum are atretic and separated but are connected by a cord (mesentery still intact). [5] Type 3: makes up 7% of duodenal atresia cases. The ends of the duodenum are atretic without any tissue attachment (mesentery defect). [5]
Frontal view of the abdomen with double bubble sign, patient was found to have duodenal atresia. In radiology, the double bubble sign is a feature of pediatric imaging seen on radiographs or prenatal ultrasound in which two air filled bubbles are seen in the abdomen, representing two discontiguous loops of bowel in a proximal, or 'high,' small bowel obstruction.
The duodenal bulb (also ampulla of duodenum, duodenal ampulla, or duodenal cap) is the initial, dilated portion of (the superior part of) the duodenum [1] just distal to the stomach; it begins at the pylorus and ends at the neck of the gallbladder. It is normally about 5 centimeters long. [2]
Periampullary cancer is a cancer that forms near the ampulla of Vater, an enlargement of the ducts from the liver and pancreas where they join and enter the small intestine. [1] It consists of: ampullary tumour from ampulla of Vater; cancer of lower common bile duct; duodenal cancer adjacent to ampulla; carcinoma head of pancreas
Cancerous tumours arising from the CBD, the ampulla, or the portion of the duodenum near the ampulla can result in distal CBD obstruction. When the masses are incapable of being surgically removed, CDD can be performed. In some cases where the growing tumour occludes the new pathway, CDD will only provide palliative relief.
Intra-ampullary papillary–tubular neoplasms (IAPN) are precancerous neoplasms of the ampulla of Vater. [1] On histological examination the neoplasms exhibit both papillary and tubular features. [2] IAPN were first described in 2010. [1] They are rare; comprising 0.5% of gastrointestinal tumours. [1]
Hemosuccus pancreaticus is a rare cause of hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract.It is caused by a bleeding source in the pancreas, pancreatic duct, or structures adjacent to the pancreas, such as the splenic artery, that bleed into the pancreatic duct, which is connected with the bowel at the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.
Cases without distal gas are usually related to duodenal atresia, while high obstruction with distal gas need an upper gastrointestinal series because of the need to distinguish duodenal web, duodenal stenosis and annular pancreas from midgut volvulus, the latter being a surgical emergency. Confirmation is ultimately by surgical intervention. [6]