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Metanephric adenoma (MA) is a rare, benign tumour of the kidney, that can have a microscopic appearance similar to a nephroblastoma (Wilms tumours), [1] or a papillary renal cell carcinoma. It should not be confused with the pathologically unrelated, yet similar sounding, mesonephric adenoma .
Nephrogenic adenoma is a benign growth typically found in the urinary bladder. It is thought to result from displacement and implantation of renal tubular cells, as this entity in kidney transplant recipients has been shown to be kidney donor derived. [1] This entity should not be confused with the similar-sounding metanephric adenoma.
Metanephric dysplastic hematoma of the sacral region (MDHSR) has been described by Cozzutto and Lazzaroni-Fossati in 1980, [1] by Posalaki et al. in 1981 [2] and by Cozzutto et al. in 1982. [3] Three additional cases were seen by Finegold.
The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors (TNM) is a globally recognised standard for classifying the anatomical extent of the spread of malignant tumours (cancer). It has gained wide international acceptance for many solid tumor cancers, but is not applicable to leukaemia or tumors of the central nervous system .
An early example of the phenomenon was described in 1808 by George William Young. [1] There are two hypotheses for the origin of a fetus in fetu. One hypothesis is that the mass begins as a normal fetus but becomes enveloped inside its twin. [2] The other hypothesis is that the mass is a highly developed teratoma.
Here, first a fertilised egg implants into the uterus, but some cells around the fetus (the chorionic villi) do not develop properly. The pregnancy is not viable, and the normal pregnancy process turns into a benign tumour. There are two subtypes of hydatidiform mole: complete hydatidiform mole, and partial hydatidiform mole. [citation needed]
Histopathologic types of kidney tumor, with relative incidences and prognoses. Cystic nephroma is seen at bottom right in pie chart. cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma; cystic standard nephroblastoma (cystic Wilm's tumor) cystic mesoblastic nephroma; cystic renal cell carcinoma; other renal cysts
Norepinephrine breakdown, with normetanephrine visible at upper left.. The metanephrines are a group of molecules consisting of metanephrine and normetanephrine.. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association, 2002, indicated that the measurement of plasma free levels of metanephrines is the best tool in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, an adrenal medullary neoplasm.