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Hypovolemia, also known as volume depletion or volume contraction, is a state of abnormally low extracellular fluid in the body. [1] This may be due to either a loss of both salt and water or a decrease in blood volume. [2] [3] Hypovolemia refers to the loss of extracellular fluid and should not be confused with dehydration. [4]
Intravascular volume depletion is divided into three types based on the blood sodium level: Isonatremic (normal blood sodium levels) Example: a child with diarrhea, because both water and sodium are lost in diarrhea.
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
Shock is the state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems with the circulatory system.Initial symptoms of shock may include weakness, tachycardia, hyperventilation, sweating, anxiety, and increased thirst. [1]
National adaptations of the ICD-10 progressed to incorporate both clinical code (ICD-10-CM) and procedure code (ICD-10-PCS) with the revisions completed in 2003. In 2009, the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services announced that it would begin using ICD-10 on April 1, 2010, with full compliance by all involved parties by 2013. [19]
Symptoms of hypovolemic shock can be related to volume depletion, electrolyte imbalances, or acid–base disorders that accompany hypovolemic shock. [4]Patients with volume depletion may complain of thirst, muscle cramps, and/or orthostatic hypotension.
The main clinical difference is that of total fluid status of the patient: CSWS leads to a relative or overt low blood volume [3] whereas SIADH is consistent with a normal or high blood volume (due to water reabsorption via the V2 receptor). [1] If blood-sodium levels increase when fluids are restricted, SIADH is more likely. [13]
In an adrenal crisis, hypotension occurs due to low cortisol and volume depletion. [9] Hypovolemia might be resistant to vasopressors and fluids if it is not identified. In secondary adrenal insufficiency, hyponatremia results from decreased kidney excretion of electrolyte-free water and the inability to suppress vasopressin . [ 5 ]