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A machine learning model is a type of mathematical model that, once "trained" on a given dataset, can be used to make predictions or classifications on new data.
MDL applies in machine learning when algorithms (machines) generate descriptions. Learning occurs when an algorithm generates a shorter description of the same data set. The theoretic minimum description length of a data set, called its Kolmogorov complexity, cannot, however, be computed.
In computational learning theory, probably approximately correct (PAC) learning is a framework for mathematical analysis of machine learning. It was proposed in 1984 by Leslie Valiant . [ 1 ]
In general, the risk () cannot be computed because the distribution (,) is unknown to the learning algorithm. However, given a sample of iid training data points, we can compute an estimate, called the empirical risk, by computing the average of the loss function over the training set; more formally, computing the expectation with respect to the empirical measure:
Empirically, for machine learning heuristics, choices of a function that do not satisfy Mercer's condition may still perform reasonably if at least approximates the intuitive idea of similarity. [6] Regardless of whether k {\displaystyle k} is a Mercer kernel, k {\displaystyle k} may still be referred to as a "kernel".
Sometimes models are intimately associated with a particular learning rule. A common use of the phrase "ANN model" is really the definition of a class of such functions (where members of the class are obtained by varying parameters, connection weights, or specifics of the architecture such as the number of neurons, number of layers or their ...
Statistical learning theory is a framework for machine learning drawing from the fields of statistics and functional analysis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Statistical learning theory deals with the statistical inference problem of finding a predictive function based on data.
It is equivalent to a model-free brute force search in the state space. In contrast, a high-efficiency algorithm has a low sample complexity. [11] Possible techniques for reducing the sample complexity are metric learning [12] and model-based reinforcement learning. [13]