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The modern commercial production of potassium carbonate is by reaction of potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide: [3] 2 KOH + CO 2 → K 2 CO 3 + H 2 O. From the solution crystallizes the sesquihydrate K 2 CO 3 ·1.5H 2 O ("potash hydrate"). Heating this solid above 200 °C (392 °F) gives the anhydrous salt.
It is manufactured by treating an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide: [1] K 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O → 2 KHCO 3. Decomposition of the bicarbonate occurs between 100 and 120 °C (212 and 248 °F): 2 KHCO 3 → K 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O. This reaction is employed to prepare high purity potassium carbonate.
Aqueous alkaline solutions do not reject carbon dioxide (CO 2) so the fuel cell can become "poisoned" through the conversion of KOH to potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3). [2] Because of this, alkaline fuel cells typically operate on pure oxygen, or at least purified air and would incorporate a 'scrubber' into the design to clean out as much of the ...
Because aggressive bases like KOH damage the cuticle of the hair shaft, potassium hydroxide is used to chemically assist the removal of hair from animal hides. The hides are soaked for several hours in a solution of KOH and water to prepare them for the unhairing stage of the tanning process. This same effect is also used to weaken human hair ...
Potassium hypochlorite is produced by the disproportionation reaction of chlorine with a solution of potassium hydroxide: [2] Cl 2 + 2 KOH → KCl + KOCl + H 2 O. This is the traditional method, first used by Claude Louis Berthollet in 1789. [3] Another production method is electrolysis of potassium chloride solution.
The temperature of the solution eventually decreases to match that of the surroundings. The equilibrium, between the gas as a separate phase and the gas in solution, will by Le Châtelier's principle shift to favour the gas going into solution as the temperature is decreased (decreasing the temperature increases the solubility of a gas).
Potassium hexacyanidoferrate(II) is used in a mixture with potassium ferricyanide and phosphate buffered solution to provide a buffer for beta-galactosidase, which is used to cleave X-Gal, giving a bright blue visualization where an antibody (or other molecule), conjugated to Beta-gal, has bonded to its target. On reacting with Fe(3) it gives a ...
Under pure thermodynamic reaction control, when the equilibrium has been reached, the product distribution will be a function of the stabilities G°. After an infinite amount of reaction time, the ratio of product concentrations will equal the equilibrium constant K eq and therefore be a function of the difference in Gibbs free energies,