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In electric power systems and industrial automation, ANSI Device Numbers can be used to identify equipment and devices in a system such as relays, circuit breakers, or instruments. The device numbers are enumerated in ANSI / IEEE Standard C37.2 Standard for Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers, Acronyms, and Contact Designations .
Arduino 68.6 mm × 53.3 mm [ 2.7 in × 2.1 in ] Ethernet serial interface Wiznet Ethernet 5 V 32 1 2 14 4 6 July 13, 2011 [34] Based on the same WIZnet W5100 chip as the Arduino Ethernet Shield. [35] A serial interface is provided for programming, but no USB interface. Late versions of this board support Power over Ethernet (PoE).
Note: In this example, "Run" represents the status of a bit in the PLC, while "Motor" represents the actual output to the real-world relay that closes the motor's real-world circuit. For safety reasons, an emergency stop ("ES") may be hardwired in series with the "Start" switch, and the relay logic should reflect this.
Most DC-to-AC converters (power inverters), most AC/AC converters, the DC-to-DC push–pull converter, isolated DC-to-DC converter [2] most motor controllers, and many other kinds of power electronics use H bridges. In particular, a bipolar stepper motor is almost always driven by a motor controller containing two H bridges.
A general-purpose input/output (GPIO) is an uncommitted digital signal pin on an integrated circuit or electronic circuit (e.g. MCUs/MPUs) board which may be used as an input or output, or both, and is controllable by software. GPIOs have no predefined purpose and are unused by default.
Arduino 3.2 in × 2.1 in [ 81.3 mm × 53.3 mm ] DE-9 serial connection native The first board labelled "Arduino". Arduino USB [45] Arduino Yes ATmega8 [44] 16 MHz Arduino 3.2 in × 2.1 in [ 81.3 mm × 53.3 mm ] USB FTDI FT232BM Arduino USB v2.0 Changed: USB replaces RS-232 interface, Improved: Arduino can be powered from host
The open collector transistor can be rated to withstand a higher voltage than the chip supply voltage. This technique is commonly used by logic circuits operating at 5 V or lower to drive higher voltage devices such as electric motors, LEDs in series, [8] 12 V relays, 50 V vacuum fluorescent displays, or Nixie tubes requiring more than 100 V.
Current mode logic (CML), or source-coupled logic (SCL), is a digital design style used both for logic gates and for board-level digital signaling of digital data.. The basic principle of CML is that current from a constant current generator is steered between two alternate paths depending on whether a logic zero or logic one is being represented.