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Lymphangiomatosis can occur at any age, but the incidence is highest in children and teenagers. Signs and symptoms are typically present before the age of 20 and the condition is often under-recognized in adults. [2] It affects males and females of all races and exhibits no inheritance pattern.
Given the phenotypic variability, there are no established diagnostic criteria. Instead, the diagnosis is made based on clinical evidence and supporting histopathology that demonstrates the presence of positive lymphatic markers, such as podoplanin (D2-40) or lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (), as well as negative glucose transporter 1 ().
Whether the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks for asymptomatic LAM patients with normal lung function is not clear, but some physicians consider treatment for declining patients who are approaching the abnormal range for FEV1. Sirolimus also appears to be effective for the treatment chylous effusions and lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
Treatment for cystic hygroma involves the removal of the abnormal tissue; however, complete removal may be impossible without removing other normal areas. Surgical removal of the tumor is the typical treatment provided, with the understanding that additional removal procedures will most likely be required as the lymphangioma grows.
Lymphangiectasia, also known as "lymphangiectasis", [1] is a pathologic dilation of lymph vessels. [2] When it occurs in the intestines it is known as intestinal lymphangiectasia, colloquially recognized as Waldmann's disease in cases where there is no secondary cause. [3]
Gorham's disease (pronounced GOR-amz), also known as Gorham vanishing bone disease and phantom bone disease, [1] is a very rare skeletal condition of unknown cause.It is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of distended, thin-walled vascular or lymphatic channels within bone, which leads to resorption and replacement of bone with angiomas and/or fibrosis.
Lymphohemangioma is a disease characterized by swelling of the lymph nodes and blood vessels.It is variously described as a "mixture of clear fluid and blood-filled cysts", [citation needed] a mass of abnormal swollen veins and lymph nodes, or a tumorous growth of lymph and blood vessels.
Based on 2005-2006 estimates, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has stated that approximately 5.5 million Americans a year are either admitted to a hospital or seen by a physician, with some form of anemia as their primary diagnosis. [4] Symptoms of anaemia include Plummer–Vinson syndrome, candidal infections.