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- = separates axle groups and/or different axle functions (6x4-2 is 6x6 with undriven rear axle) Basis is always the standard configuration, meaning a steered front axle and a non-steered driven rear axle. This means: If only the front wheels are steered, the rearmost part of the formula can be left out.
In geotechnical engineering, a tieback is a structural element installed in soil or rock to transfer applied tensile load into the ground. Typically in the form of a horizontal wire or rod, or a helical anchor, a tieback is commonly used along with other retaining systems (e.g. soldier piles , sheet piles, secant and tangent walls) to provide ...
A basement wall is thus one kind of retaining wall; however, the term usually refers to a cantilever retaining wall, which is a freestanding structure without lateral support at its top. [2] These are cantilevered from a footing and rise above the grade on one side to retain a higher level grade on the opposite side.
The wall face is often of precast, segmental blocks, panels or geocells that can tolerate some differential movement. The walls are infilled with granular soil, with or without reinforcement, while retaining the backfill soil. Reinforced walls utilize horizontal layers typically of geogrids. The reinforced soil mass, along with the facing ...
When constructing a retaining wall from eco-blocks, a stable foundation is still required. In July 2015, a 70-year-old man in Washington died after an ecology block wall under construction on a sand foundation collapsed, and his legs were crushed by a 3,600-pound (1,600 kg) block. [1] [12]
A revetment in stream restoration, river engineering or coastal engineering is a facing of impact-resistant material (such as stone, concrete, sandbags, or wooden piles) applied to a bank or wall in order to absorb the energy of incoming water and protect it from erosion. River or coastal revetments are usually built to preserve the existing ...
A bulkhead is a retaining wall, such as a bulkhead within a ship or a watershed retaining wall. It may also be used in mines to contain flooding. Coastal bulkheads are most often referred to as seawalls , bulkheading, or riprap revetments .
Retainage is a portion of the agreed upon contract price deliberately withheld until the work is complete to assure that contractor or subcontractor will satisfy its obligations and complete a construction project. [1] A retention is money withheld by one party in a contract to act as security against incomplete or defective works.