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Refugees integrate more slowly into host countries' labor markets than labor migrants, in part due to the loss and depreciation of human capital and credentials during the asylum procedure. [155] Refugees tend to do worse in economic terms than natives, even when they have the same skills and language proficiencies of natives.
Return migration refers to the individual or family decision of a migrant to leave a host country and to return permanently to the country of origin. Research topics include the return migration process, motivations for returning, the experiences returnees encounter, and the impacts of return migration on both the host and the home countries.
Center for Immigration Studies is an anti-immigration think tank based in Washington, D.C. Pew Research Center: Hispanic Trends addresses issues surrounding Latin American immigration to the United States. [100] Hope Border Institute is an organisation in El Paso that brings perspectives from Catholic social teaching to the topic of migration ...
Others migrate to be with family members who have migrated or because of political conditions in their countries. Education is another reason for international migration, as students pursue their studies abroad, although this migration is sometimes temporary, with a return to the home country after the studies are completed. [2]
Circular migration or repeat migration is the temporary and usually repetitive movement of a migrant worker between home and host areas, typically for the purpose of employment. It represents an established pattern of population mobility, whether cross-country or rural-urban.
A study from the IMF concluded that emigration of high skilled labour from Eastern Europe has adversely affected economic and productivity growth in Eastern Europe and slowed down convergence in per capita income between high and low income EU countries. [72] A 2019 study in the Journal of Political Economy found that Swedish emigration to the ...
According to Berry, [14] the fact that integration was the most widely preferred mode of acculturation in his studies suggests that pluralism [where a state expects immigrants will adopt the public values of the host country (democratic ideals and criminal codes) but has mandate defining private values] may constitute the ideology that best ...
In European countries, more than 80% of immigrants report feeling connected to their host country. Furthermore, research in France shows that only 23% of third-generation migrants still have typically Islamic first names, compared to 90% in the first generation. This indicates a gradual adaptation to the host country’s culture. [13]