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Martian pain is, to him, pain which occupies the same causal role as our pain, but has a very different physical realization (e.g. the Martian feels pain due to the activation of an elaborate internal hydraulic system rather than, for example, the firing of C-fibers). Both of these phenomena, Lewis claims, are pain, and must be accounted for in ...
The word unpleasantness, which some people use as a synonym of suffering or pain in the broad sense, may refer to the basic affective dimension of pain (its suffering aspect), usually in contrast with the sensory dimension, as for instance in this sentence: "Pain-unpleasantness is often, though not always, closely linked to both the intensity ...
While the pursuit of pleasure formed the focal point of the philosophy, this was largely directed to the "static pleasures" of minimizing pain, anxiety and suffering. From this understanding, Epicureans concluded that the greatest pleasure a person could reach was the complete removal of all pain, both physical and mental. [52]
In a postscript to "Mad Pain and Martian Pain" (published in Philosophical Papers, Volume I), Lewis takes a critical view of qualia.He explicitly identifies pain with qualia, observing that, "We say to the friend of qualia that, beneath his tendentious jargon, he is just talking pain and various aspects of its functional role."
Sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief, and despair are duḥkha; Association with the unbeloved is duḥkha; separation from the loved is duḥkha; Not getting what is wanted is duḥkha. In conclusion, the five clinging-aggregates are duḥkha.
But this religious conception did not prevent Early Modern Physicians from being concerned by the problem of pain: [5] they tried to cure it with pain-killers called "anodynes", they discussed the problem of the phantom-pain, described in the 16th century by the surgeon Ambroise Paré; and they proposed rich descriptions of the signs of pain. [6]
Ruins of Cyrene, in the northwest of modern Libya, where Hegesias lived.. Hegesias (Ancient Greek: Ἡγησίας; fl. 290 BC [1]) of Cyrene was a Cyrenaic philosopher.He argued that eudaimonia (happiness) is impossible to achieve, and that the goal of life should be the avoidance of pain and sorrow.
Not only have Siri Leknes and Irene Tracey, two neuroscientists who study pain and pleasure, concluded that pain and reward processing involve many of the same regions of the brain, but also that the functional relationship lies in that pain decreases pleasure and rewards increase analgesia, which is the relief from pain. [8]