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Kyanite is a typically blue aluminosilicate mineral, found in aluminium-rich metamorphic pegmatites and sedimentary rock. It is the high pressure polymorph of andalusite and sillimanite , and the presence of kyanite in metamorphic rocks generally indicates metamorphism deep in the Earth's crust .
Eclogite piece from Norway with a garnet (red) and omphacite (greyish-green) groundmass.The sky-blue crystals are kyanite.Minor white quartz is present, presumably from the recrystallization of coesite.
An example is provided by the aluminium silicate minerals, kyanite, andalusite, and sillimanite. All three have the identical composition, Al 2 SiO 5. Kyanite is stable at surface conditions. However, at atmospheric pressure, kyanite transforms to andalusite at a temperature of about 190 °C (374 °F).
The minerals kyanite and sillimanite are polymorphs of andalusite, each occurring under different temperature-pressure regimes and are therefore rarely found together in the same rock. Because of this the three minerals are a useful tool to help identify the pressure-temperature paths of the host rock in which they are found.
A metamorphic facies is a set of mineral assemblages in metamorphic rocks formed under similar pressures and temperatures. [1] The assemblage is typical of what is formed in conditions corresponding to an area on the two dimensional graph of temperature vs. pressure (See diagram in Figure 1). [1]
Under this criterion, crystals of kyanite appear upward of several meters from the lithologic change. [ 4 ] By the difference in U-Pb detrital zircon ages, 1.87–2.60 Ga zircons have been reported from the Lesser Himalayan Sequence which is bound above by the Main Central Thrust, and 0.8–1.0 Ga zircons have been reported from the Greater ...
It occurs with almandine garnet, micas, kyanite; as well as albite, biotite, and sillimanite in gneiss and schist of regional metamorphic rocks. [7] It is the official state mineral of the U.S. state of Georgia and is also to be found in the Lepontine Alps in Switzerland. Staurolite is most commonly found in Fannin County, Georgia. [8]
Map of index minerals of the Barrovian metamorphic zones of Scotland. An index mineral is used in geology to determine the degree of metamorphism a rock has experienced. . Depending on the original composition of and the pressure and temperature experienced by the protolith (parent rock), chemical reactions between minerals in the solid state produce new mi