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  2. Glomerular filtration rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerular_filtration_rate

    To assess the adequacy of a complete collection, one always calculates the amount of creatinine excreted over a 24-hour period. This amount varies with muscle mass and is higher in young people/old, and in men/women. An unexpectedly low or high 24-hour creatinine excretion rate voids the test.

  3. Isotopes of sodium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_sodium

    Na, with a half-life of 1.3(4) × 10 −21 seconds (although the half-life of the similarly unbound 17 Na is not measured). Acute neutron radiation exposure (e.g., from a nuclear criticality accident) converts some of the stable 23 Na (in the form of Na + ion) in human blood plasma to 24 Na. By measuring the concentration of this isotope, the ...

  4. Fractional excretion of sodium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_excretion_of_sodium

    The fractional excretion of sodium (FE Na) is the percentage of the sodium filtered by the kidney which is excreted in the urine. It is measured in terms of plasma and urine sodium , rather than by the interpretation of urinary sodium concentration alone, as urinary sodium concentrations can vary with water reabsorption .

  5. Exercise-associated hyponatremia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise-associated...

    Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is a fluid-electrolyte disorder caused by a decrease in sodium levels (hyponatremia) during or up to 24 hours after prolonged physical activity. [1] This disorder can develop when marathon runners or endurance event athletes drink more fluid, usually water or sports drinks, than their kidneys can excrete. [2]

  6. Sodium in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_in_biology

    The sodium–potassium pump, a critical enzyme for regulating sodium and potassium levels in cells. Sodium ions (Na +) are necessary in small amounts for some types of plants, [1] but sodium as a nutrient is more generally needed in larger amounts [1] by animals, due to their use of it for generation of nerve impulses and for maintenance of electrolyte balance and fluid balance.

  7. Orbital station-keeping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_station-keeping

    To extend the life-time of geostationary spacecraft with little fuel left one sometimes discontinues the North-South control only continuing with the East-West control. As seen from an observer on the rotating Earth the spacecraft will then move North-South with a period of 24 hours.

  8. Assessment of kidney function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_kidney_function

    Abnormal kidney function may cause too much or too little urine to be produced. The ability of the kidneys to filter protein is often measured, as urine albumin or urine protein levels, [2] measured either at a single instance or, because of variation throughout the day, as 24-hour urine tests. [citation needed]

  9. Sodium oxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_oxide

    The structure of sodium oxide has been determined by X-ray crystallography.Most alkali metal oxides M 2 O (M = Li, Na, K, Rb) crystallise in the antifluorite structure.In this motif the positions of the anions and cations are reversed relative to their positions in CaF 2, with sodium ions tetrahedrally coordinated to 4 oxide ions and oxide cubically coordinated to 8 sodium ions.