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An example of lower montane forest in Yosemite Valley. The Sierra Nevada lower montane forest is a plant community along a strip along the western and eastern edges of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California. This zone is also known as a yellow pine forest. [1] Moving southward, the elevation range of the lower montane forest grows.
Depending on latitude, the lower limit of montane rainforests on large mountains is generally between 1,500 and 2,500 metres (4,900 and 8,200 ft) while the upper limit is usually from 2,400 to 3,300 metres (7,900 to 10,800 ft). [24] Tropical montane forests might exhibit high sensitivity to climate change.
The Mediterranean California lower montane black oak–conifer forest is a major forest association and ecosystem of the California mixed evergreen forest bioregion in certain mountain ranges in California and southern Oregon in the Western United States; and Baja California in northwest Mexico. [1] [2] [3]
The indicator species for the lower montane forest are the ponderosa pine and the Jeffrey pine: the ponderosa pine generally occurs on the west side of the Sierra, while the Jeffrey pine occurs on the east. [4] The lower montane forests also include trees such as California black oak, sugar pine, incense-cedar, and white fir. [3]
The Mediterranean California Lower Montane Black Oak-Conifer Forest plant community occurs here. Mixed evergreen forest occurs from 4,500 to 9,500 feet (1,400 to 2,900 m) and includes incense-cedar, foothill pine, sugar pine, white fir, Jeffrey pine, ponderosa pine, and western juniper.
Carex spp. – Sedges (see also Carex spp. "lower montane forest") Carex specifica – Narrowfruit sedge; Elymus violaceus, syn. Elymus sierrae; Erigeron aequifolius – Hall's daisy (sn-endemic) Lilium parvum – Sierra tiger lily (sn-endemic) Lomatium torreyi – Sierra biscuitroot (sn-endemic) Melica bulbosa – Oniongrass
This subalpine zone is positioned between the upper montane zone (such as red fir forest) at its lower limit, and tree line at its upper limit. The Sierra Nevada subalpine zone occurs between 2,450–3,660 metres (8,000–12,000 ft), and is characterized by an open woodland of several conifer species, including whitebark pine , lodgepole pine ...
Lower montane forest extends from the lowland forest transition at approximately 1000 metres, up to 2,500 metres. Lower montane forest zone is characterized by trees in the beech family (Fagaceae) including Castanopsis acuminatissima and species of Lithocarpus, elaeocarps (Elaeocarpaceae), and laurels (Lauraceae).