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Lost-wax casting – also called investment casting, precision casting, or cire perdue (French: [siʁ pɛʁdy]; borrowed from French) [1] – is the process by which a duplicate sculpture (often a metal, such as silver, gold, brass, or bronze) is cast from an original sculpture. Intricate works can be achieved by this method.
The fragile wax patterns must withstand forces encountered during the mould making. Much of the wax used in investment casting can be reclaimed and reused. [2] Lost-foam casting is a modern form of investment casting that eliminates certain steps in the process.
Centrifugal casting (industrial) Continuous casting; Die casting; Evaporative-pattern casting. Full-mold casting; Lost-foam casting; Investment casting (Lost-wax casting) Countergravity casting [1] Lost-foam casting; Low pressure die casting; Permanent mold casting; Plastic mold casting; Resin casting; Sand casting; Shell molding; Slush casting ...
In addition to the main aspects of casting production – filling, crystallization, and porosity prediction, ProCAST is capable of predicting the occurrence of deformations and residual stresses in the casting and can be used to analyze processes such as core making, centrifugal casting, lost wax casting, continuous casting. [32]
The lost wax process originated in ancient Mesopotamia. The earliest known record of lost-wax casting is a clay tablet written in cuneiform in the ancient city of Sparta, Babylon, which specifically records how much wax is needed to cast a key. [6] The earliest-known castings in the global archaeological record were made in open stone molds. [7]
Evaporative-pattern casting is a type of casting process that uses a pattern made from a material that will evaporate when the molten metal is poured into the molding cavity. The most common evaporative-pattern material used is polystyrene foam. [1] The two major evaporative-pattern casting processes are: [1] Lost-foam casting; Full-mold casting
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Wax patterns are used in an alternative casting process called investment casting. A combination of paraffin wax, bees wax and carnauba wax is used for this purpose. In this case the wax "pattern" is melted out from the mould cavity which is normally a rigid plaster like material rather than sand, so the wax "pattern" can only be used once. [5]