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  2. Unified shader model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_shader_model

    The unified shader model uses the same hardware resources for both vertex and fragment processing. In the field of 3D computer graphics, the unified shader model (known in Direct3D 10 as "Shader Model 4.0") refers to a form of shader hardware in a graphical processing unit (GPU) where all of the shader stages in the rendering pipeline (geometry, vertex, pixel, etc.) have the same capabilities.

  3. Unity (game engine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_(game_engine)

    Unity offers a tool to upgrade shaders using the legacy renderer to URP or HDRP. Creators can develop and sell user-generated assets to other game makers via the Unity Asset Store. This includes 3D and 2D assets and environments for developers to buy and sell. [61] Unity Asset Store launched in 2010.

  4. Bump mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bump_mapping

    The modified surface normal is then used for lighting calculations (using, for example, the Phong reflection model) giving the appearance of detail instead of a smooth surface. Bump mapping is much faster and consumes fewer resources for the same level of detail compared to displacement mapping because the geometry remains unchanged.

  5. Non-photorealistic rendering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-photorealistic_rendering

    A normal shader (left) and an NPR shader using cel-shading (right). Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) is an area of computer graphics that focuses on enabling a wide variety of expressive styles for digital art, in contrast to traditional computer graphics, which focuses on photorealism.

  6. Shader - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shader

    Each vertex is then rendered as a series of pixels onto a surface (block of memory) that will eventually be sent to the screen. Shaders replace a section of the graphics hardware typically called the Fixed Function Pipeline (FFP), so-called because it performs lighting and texture mapping in a hard-coded manner. Shaders provide a programmable ...

  7. Physically based rendering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physically_based_rendering

    Even though this is a rough, opaque surface, more than just diffuse light is reflected from the brighter side of the material, creating small highlights, because "everything is shiny" in the physically-based rendering model of the real world. Tessellation is used to generate an object mesh from a heightmap and normal map, creating greater detail.

  8. Direct3D - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct3D

    Direct3D 10.0 level hardware must support the following features: the ability to process entire primitives in the new geometry-shader stage, the ability to output pipeline-generated vertex data to memory using the stream-output stage, multisampled alpha-to-coverage support, readback of a depth/stencil surface or a multisampled resource once it ...

  9. Parallax mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallax_mapping

    Parallax mapping is essentially a method by which rough or uneven surfaces on a 2D texture can be "pulled out" to take on the appearance of a 3D surface. Technically, this is implemented by displacing the texture coordinates at a point on the rendered polygon by a function of the view angle in tangent space (the angle relative to the surface ...