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Trinidad and Tobago, [a] officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean.Comprising the main islands of Trinidad and Tobago, along with numerous smaller islands, it is located 11 kilometres (6 nautical miles) northeast off the coast of Venezuela, 130 kilometres (70 nautical miles) south of Grenada, and west of Barbados.
Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the main islands; Tobago is much smaller, comprising about 6% of the total area and 4% of the entire population which is estimated at 1.3 million (2005). Unlike most of the English-speaking Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago's economy is primarily industrial with an emphasis on petroleum and petrochemicals.
Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The island lies 11 km (6.8 mi) off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is the southernmost island in the West Indies.
Unlike most of the English-speaking Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago is a primarily industrialised country whose economy is based on petroleum and petrochemicals. Trinidad and Tobago is famous for its pre-Lenten Carnival and as the birthplace of steelpan, calypso, chutney, chutney-soca, pichakaree, chut-kai-pang, cariso, kaiso, parang, soca, and ...
The largest of these, Little Tobago, is starfish shaped, hilly, and 1.2 km 2 (0.46 sq mi). [1] Because it was once part of continental South America, Trinidad has an assortment of tropical vegetation and wildlife considerably more varied than that of most Caribbean islands. [1] Tobago has a generally similar but less varied assortment. [1]
The total population of Trinidad and Tobago was 1,328,018 according to the 2011 census, [1] an increase of 5.2% since the 2000 census. According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects [2] [3] the total population was estimated at 1,525,663 in 2021, compared to only 646,000 in 1950.
Trinidad and Tobago achieved full independence via the Trinidad and Tobago Independence Act 1962 on 31 August 1962 within the Commonwealth with Queen Elizabeth II as its titular head of state. On 1 August 1976, the country became a republic, and the last Governor-General , Sir Ellis Clarke , became the first President.
Tobago is a ward of Trinidad and Tobago and is governed locally by the Tobago House of Assembly. Historically, Tobago was divided into seven parishes (Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Patrick and Saint Paul). In 1768 each parish of Tobago had nominated representatives to the Tobago House of Assembly.