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Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule is a book written by Mahatma Gandhi in 1909. [1] In it he expresses his views on Swaraj, modern civilization, mechanisation, among other matters. [2] In the book, Gandhi repudiates European civilization while expressing loyalty to higher ideals of empire ("moral empire"). [1]
The Indian Home Rule movement was a movement in British India on the lines of the Irish Home Rule movement and other home rule movements. The movement lasted around two years between 1916–1918 and is believed to have set the stage for the Indian independence movement under the leadership of Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak to the educated ...
Swarāj ((Svarāja) sva "self", raj "rule") can mean generally self-governance or "self-rule". The term was used synonymously with "home-rule" by Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati and later on by Mahatma Gandhi, [1] but the word usually refers to Gandhi's concept of Indian independence from foreign domination. [2]
His other autobiographies included: Satyagraha in South Africa about his struggle there, Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule, a political pamphlet, and a paraphrase in Gujarati of John Ruskin's Unto This Last which was an early critique of political economy. [268] This last essay can be considered his programme on economics.
Gandhian socialism generally centers on Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule authored by Gandhi. Federation of political and economical power and demonstrating a traditionalist reluctance towards the modernisation of technology and large scale industrialisation whilst emphasising self-employment and self-reliance are key features of Gandhian socialism.
From 1920 onwards, Indians, led by Mahatma Gandhi, were engaged in a nationwide non-cooperation movement.Using non-violent methods of civil disobedience known as Satyagraha, protests were organized by the Indian National Congress to challenge oppressive government regulatory measures such as the Rowlatt Act, with the ultimate goal of attaining Swaraj (home rule).
India observes October 2 not only as Gandhi Jayanti, but also as the International Day of non-violence - an ideal that Gandhi fought for.
In 1915, Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa and joined Congress. [63] [64] His efforts in South Africa were well known not only among the educated but also among the masses. During 1917 and 1918, Mahatma Gandhi was involved in three struggles– known as Champaran Satyagraha, Ahmedabad Mill Strike and Kheda Satyagraha.