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Diarrhea due to viral agents is unaffected by antibiotic therapy, but is usually self-limited. [13] Protozoans such as Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora cayetanensis can also cause diarrhea. Pathogens commonly implicated in travelers' diarrhea appear in the table in this section. [13] [16]
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a type of Escherichia coli and one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea in the developing world, [1] as well as the most common cause of travelers' diarrhea. [2] Insufficient data exists, but conservative estimates suggest that each year, about 157,000 deaths occur, mostly in children, from ETEC.
Meta-analyses have concluded that probiotics may protect against antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults. [2] [3] Evidence is insufficient, however, regarding an effect on rates of C. difficile colitis. [4] The efficacy of probiotic AAD prevention is dependent on the probiotic strain(s) used and on the dosage.
Rifaximin, sold under the brand name Xifaxan among others, is a non-absorbable, broad-spectrum antibiotic mainly used to treat travelers' diarrhea. It is based on the rifamycin antibiotics family. Since its approval in Italy in 1987, it has been licensed in more than 30 countries for the treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal diseases like ...
Generic 100 mg doxycycline capsules A package of generic doxycycline. In addition to the general indications for all members of the tetracycline antibiotics group, doxycycline is frequently used to treat Lyme disease, chronic prostatitis, sinusitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, [13] [14] severe acne, rosacea, [15] [16] [17] and rickettsial infections. [18]
It is a common cause of diarrhea in those who are hospitalized and is frequently associated with antibiotic use. [32] Staphylococcus aureus infectious diarrhea may also occur in those who have used antibiotics. [33] Acute "traveler's diarrhea" is usually a type of bacterial gastroenteritis, while the persistent form is usually parasitic. [34]
In particular, EAEC are reported as the second most common cause of traveler's diarrhea, second only to Enterotoxigenic E. coli, and a common cause of diarrhea amongst pediatric populations. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It has also been associated with chronic infections in the latter, as well as in immunocompromised hosts, such as HIV -infected individuals. [ 6 ]
The procedure is to take the child's weight in pounds, divide by 150 lb, and multiply the fractional result by the adult dose to find the equivalent child dosage.For example, if an adult dose of medication calls for 30 mg and the child weighs 30 lb, divide the weight by 150 (30/150) to obtain 1/5 and multiply 1/5 times 30 mg to get 6 mg.