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1) reduced imperative endings used in most cases: nes (but nesiž), nesme, neste 2) full imperative endings used if the root has no vowel: jmi, jměme, jměte 3) after some consonants the original iotation has been lost, e.g. třete < † třěte (so the modern imperative forms are undistinguishable from the present indicative forms)
1. By the verb být (to be) and the passive participle: Město bylo založeno ve 14. století. The town was founded in the 14th century. 2. By adding the reflexive pronoun se: Ono se to neudělalo. It has not been done. To se vyrábí v Číně. It is produced in China. However, the use of se is not exclusive to the passive voice.
In syntax, verb-second (V2) word order [1] is a sentence structure in which the finite verb of a sentence or a clause is placed in the clause's second position, so that the verb is preceded by a single word or group of words (a single constituent).
Any verb of either aspect can be conjugated into either the past or present tense, [77] but the future tense is only used with imperfective verbs. [80] Aspect describes the state of the action at the time specified by the tense. [79] The verbs of most aspect pairs differ in one of two ways: by prefix or by suffix.
[2] The approximant /l/ is mainly pronounced apico-alveolar, although a velarized pronunciation without a firm tongue tip contact is not unusual. Both /r/ and /r̝/ are trills though commonly realized with a single contact. The phoneme /r̝/, written ř , is a raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.
Czech declension is a complex system of grammatically determined modifications of nouns, adjectives, pronouns and numerals in Czech, one of the Slavic languages.Czech has seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative and instrumental, partly inherited from Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Slavic.
The roots of verbs and most nouns in the Semitic languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals" (hence the term consonantal root).Such abstract consonantal roots are used in the formation of actual words by adding the vowels and non-root consonants (or "transfixes") which go with a particular morphological category around the root consonants, in an appropriate way ...
In linguistics, valency or valence is the number and type of arguments and complements controlled by a predicate, content verbs being typical predicates. Valency is related, though not identical, to subcategorization and transitivity, which count only object arguments – valency counts all arguments, including the subject.