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Elevated alkaline phosphatase occurs when levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) exceed the reference range. This group of enzymes has a low substrate specificity and catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate esters in a basic environment. The major function of alkaline phosphatase is transporting chemicals across cell membranes. [1]
Alkaline phosphatase levels are usually high in hyperparathyroidism due to high bone turn over. In primary hyperparathyroidism, levels may remain within the normal range, but this is inappropriately normal given the increased levels of plasma calcium. [citation needed]
The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP, alkaline phenyl phosphatase) is a phosphatase with the physiological role of dephosphorylating compounds. The enzyme is found across a multitude of organisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike, with the same general function, but in different structural forms suitable to the environment they function in. Alkaline phosphatase is found in the periplasmic ...
Levels may appear falsely elevated with high blood lipid levels, high blood protein levels, or high blood bilirubin levels. [1] Treatment may include a phosphate low diet and antacids like calcium carbonate that bind phosphate. [1] Occasionally, intravenous normal saline or kidney dialysis may be used. [1] How commonly it occurs is unclear. [2]
Serological abnormalities in Rotor syndrome only include elevated total serum bilirubin (typically elevated between 2 and 5 mg/dL but may be as high as 20 mg/dL). [2] Most of the time, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels are normal, but mild elevations can be seen. [2]
The clinical diagnosis can be established if the patient has repeatedly elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood serum and exhibits intellectual disability. Supportive for the clinical diagnosis are epilepsies, brachydactyly and a characteristic facial gestalt, which can also be assessed by means of AI. [7]
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