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Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII (Swedish: Karl XII) or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), [1] was King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken , a branch line of the House of Wittelsbach .
Here, Charles was eventually able to persuade the Sultan Ahmed III to declare war on Russia. Backed by a Turkish army of 200,000 men, Charles led the Turks into the Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711). Before Charles could give battle, though, Peter was able to bribe the Turkish vizier to peace; with this, Charles's ambitions to invade Russia were ...
Charles XII at the Battle of Poltava by Carl Andreas Dahlström. Realizing they were the last Swedes on the battlefield, Charles ordered a retreat to the woods, gathering what remaining forces he could for protection, including the remnants of Creutz's detachment.
Representation of Charles XII of Sweden, shot dead during the Siege of Fredriksten in 1718. After Charles XII had returned from the Ottoman Empire and resumed personal control of the war effort, he initiated two Norwegian Campaigns, starting in February 1716, to force Denmark–Norway into a separate peace treaty. Furthermore, he attempted to ...
Contemporary depiction of Caroleans at the Battle of Gadebusch. Caroleans (Swedish: karoliner), from Carolus, the Latin form of the name Charles, is a term used to describe soldiers of the Swedish army during the reigns of Kings Charles XI and Charles XII of Sweden, and specifically from 1680, when Charles XI instituted an absolute monarchy and embarked on a series of sweeping military reforms ...
In Poltava, the Swedish Empire lost the initiative in the Great Northern War.With Charles XII of Sweden's main army destroyed, the anti-Swedish alliance of the Tsardom of Russia, Denmark-Norway and Saxe-Poland-Lithuania re-constituted in the Treaty of Thorn and the Treaty of Copenhagen, the Swedish king exiled to Bender and Sweden's provinces of Finland and Livonia invaded, the Swedish defense ...
The Skirmish at Bender (Swedish: Kalabaliken i Bender; Finnish: Benderin kalabaliikki) was devised to remove Charles XII of Sweden from the Ottoman Empire after his military defeats in Russia. It took place on 1 February 1713 on Ottoman territory, in what is now the town of Bender, Moldova ( separatist region of Transnistria ).
Charles XII marched his army towards Upper Lusatia, to the surprise of Schulenburg. [27] The unusually dry season would contribute to a swift Swedish advance over the rivers. [34] On 1 September, the army broke into Silesia in two columns under Charles XII and Rehnskiöld. Charles XII rode in the vanguard, alongside his Drabant Corps and the ...